很多考生反馈托福口语中task1、2中很难想到好的例子。今天我们就来讨论一下，在托福口语中要想说出"好例子"该怎么表达?

　　事实上，“好的例子”包含这样两个方面的特质：其一是足够的细致，“请你喝东西”和“请你喝一杯美式热咖啡”给人的感受是大不相同的。其二是要足够的一致，也就是说例子与其论述的话题要在论证方向上完美一致。"好例子"的表达方式可以分为：定义、阐述、举例、细分、背景、总结、原因、结果、类比还有名言。以下我们会用几个题目来解析托福口语"好例子"该怎么说?

　　“定义”其实就是对话题当中的某个概念(往往就是在口语题中提及的话题词)所做的简要说明，展开讨论，塑造观点。范例如下：

　　Talk about a skill or ability that youconsider especially important for a student to have. Use details and examplesto explain your answer.

　　——TPO 19

　　参考答案：

　　I used to have trouble with doing homeworkwhen I was a young child because I did not make enough time for it. I wanted toplay with my friends, and I delayed homework until the last minute. Therefore,I believe that time organization makes up on important skill for a studentbecause this ability helps reduce procrastination. Procrastination is the enemyof the student, lowering both the quality of the work and the volume of the work. If a student can find a way to plan his/her activities throughout the dayand adhere strictly to this to-do-list, he/she will defeat procrastination andfind a way to improve effectiveness and live a fulfilling life.

　　《新托福真题详解——口语分卷(第一册第二版)》

　　“阐述”是对于观点的进一步解释说明。当观点有值得被说明特点/特质/起源时，常使用该方法促使读者更清楚地了解观点。范例如下：

　　Some people enjoy taking risks and tryingnew things. Others are not adventurous: they are cautious and prefer to avoiddanger. Which behavior do you think is better? Explain why.

　　——TPO 8

　　参考答案：

　　While it is difficult to say what iscorrect in every situation, I believe that being cautious is a better behaviorthan being daring and adventurous. The win-big or lose-big mentality of riskypeople is dangerous; if they win big a few times, they start to think that theycan win more. This can continue until they lose big. Cautious people are more stablein most areas of life. And cautious people are the ones who start the moststable families, and they are more reliable, etc.

　　《新托福真题详解——口语分卷(第一册第二版)》

　　“举例”是当抽象化事物(较为概括)的特质通过某些具体事物(较为详尽)表现出来时。举例是口语中最常用到的论证方式。范例如下：

　　Some people believe that television has hada positive influence on society. Others believe it has had a negative influenceon society. Which do you agree with and why? Use details and examples toexplain your opinion.

　　——TPO 1

　　参考答案：

　　I believe that television has had a mainlypositive effect on society. Television is one of the best ways to conveyinformation to many people. For example, news programs are easy to watch andallow people to effortlessly stay up-to-date with current events. Televisionnews programs cover everything from local events to worldwide news, and arevery convenient for people to watch before or after work. In addition, I thinkthat television is good for family life. Families can often sit together andwatch television, and in a time when teenagers rebel against their parents andseek independence, TV offers a nice way for family members to stay close to oneother.

　　《新托福真题详解——口语分卷(第一册第二版)》

　　“细分”就是把一个大的讨论范围(合集)按照某个标准划分为若干小的讨论范围(子集)，它很实用，既可以用于从总论点划分出分论点，也可以用于将分论点展开成主体段时做拆分。在口语中，分成两个子论点的情况较为常见。有鉴于答题时间，我们一般会觉得细分三点就会显得比较局促了。范例如下：

　　Some college students choose to takecourses in a variety of subject areas in order to get a broad education. Otherschoose to focus on a single subject area in order to have a deeperunderstanding of that area. Which approach to course selection do you think isbetter for students and why?

　　——TPO 2

　　参考答案：

　　To me, college should both broaden anddeepen one’s knowledge. I think that at the beginning of college, perhaps forthe first and second year students, it is good to receive a broad education.Taking a wide range of courses allows these students to become knowledgeableabout many subjects and makes them better-rounded. Once students decide on amajor, focusing on that single subject is the best, as this will allow them totruly excel in the field they choose to enter.

　　《新托福真题详解——口语分卷(第一册第二版)》

　　“背景”讨论的是比主体对象更大的东西，对主体对象起到支持或支撑作用。一般有两种提供背景的方法。第一种是较为严格意义上的扩大讨论范围，通过说明“整体”所具有的性质来论证“部分(实际论证对象)”也自然具有同一性质。第二种是提供一个关系稍显松散，只是对要论证的对象有铺垫作用的大的背景信息。口语之中也很常见。范例如下：

　　Talk about an important experience that yourecently had. Describe what happened and explain why it was important toyou.

　　——TPO 9

　　参考答案：

　　I recently spent a year studying abroad inChina, and I found the experience to be engaging and worthwhile. Living alonein a foreign country allowed me to be truly independent for a year, and I feellike I have matured greatly from the experience. I now know how to bettermanage my money, how to plan my days out, and more. In addition, my Chinesespeaking ability has improved dramatically. Using Chinese to speak to peoplearound me every day helped my Chinese improve a lot, so the effects of my Chinatrip are still with me every day.

　　《新托福真题详解——口语分卷(第一册第二版)》