致胜英国英语发音(图)
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小编： 34Abstract: 随着雅思口语引进半分制, 学生对英语发音特别是英国英语发音的规则知知甚少, 据官方信息以往的英语口音以2,4,6,8分为主导评分制今年8月1日起开始0-9分大跨度评分制度的转变,对想拿到口语高分的同学的语音,语调,音色的表现和把握,下面对英国英语的基本介绍希望能对考生带来帮助.
英语到了十九世纪, 英语语言的变化带有社会阶级的色彩由此女王英语The Queen’s English, 女王英语被公认为标准音Standard Pronunciation, 后来演变为公认的发音Received Pronunciation(RP), 典型英国英语的标准音. 1922年英国广播公司BBC采用RP标准音, 就此BBC为标准音. 也有人把他称为Oxbridge English(牛津剑桥英语). 即使这样也只有10%的人发RP口音, 应为RP发音带有浓厚的上层社会色彩, 人们把发音看作是社会地位的标志. 假如一个受过良好教育的人不会发RP音, 很难体现自己的社会身份以及地位的体现.
英格兰境内的英语基本包括伦敦英语, 东南部英语, 东部英语, 西南部英语, 西部英语, 中部英语, 北部英语等, 大致有三个方言区:南部方言区, 中部方言区, 北部方言区.
具体特征:
英格兰南部: love, butter, luck, cousin, but, nut, /ʌ/是重读音节.
Could, look, book, pull, push, would, /u/是重读音节.
英格兰北部: /ʌ/和/u/是不分的.
英格兰南部:fast, last, pass, after, 重读音节读成长元音/?:/
英格兰北部:北部音把/?:/读成/?/
伦敦音(Cockney): 特色发音/ei/读成/ai/, 比如famous发音/ei/读成/ai/
Home Counties: 指英国南部的家乡音, 包括Buckinghamshire, Berkshire, Hampshire, Hertfordshire, Sussex这些地方基本操一种口音.
Estuary English: 一种区域口音, 俗称”河口音”, 基本上操这个口音的人聚集在Kent和Essex, 河口音是介于RP和伦敦腔的一种口音, 基本发音特征是把”th”发成”f”和”v”, 比如thank他们发成fank. 基本发音人群是肥皂剧和电视TV秀, 以及足球运动员和娱乐圈人士.
The West: 西部口音基本是从Cornwall到Herefordshire, 人们经常把r拖长音发, 比如cart他们发成carrt.
The East: Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire, East Anglia, Essex经常把r音, 去掉或者说不发.
The North: Lancashire, Cheshire, Staffordshire经常把wrong发成wrang, 把long发成lang.
英语中有12个单元音, 8个双元音, 24个辅音, 如果包括/dz, ts, tr, dr/, 则总共48个.
单元音(The pure vowels)
双元音(The Diphthongs)
辅音(The Consonants)
http://www.stuff.co.uk/calcul_nd.htm
UK English phonetic pronunciation
Table 1. Guide to the UK English phonetic alph
Symbol |
Description |
“|” (pipe symbol) |
Word Boundary Phone |
AAS AAS |
As in ARE fAther cAR |
AES |
As in At hAm trAp |
AVS |
As in Up bUt sOn |
OAS OAS |
As in Or fOUR Also |
A_S ULS |
As in OUt cOUnt hOW |
AXS |
As in tablE compAny commA |
A_S ILS |
As in EYE fIve lIE |
_B. |
As in But laBel caB |
_CH |
As in CHurch naTure reaCH |
_D. |
As in Dog meDal laD |
_DF |
As in THe boTHer baTHe |
D$ |
Noisy silence, such as a keystroke or door slam |
E_S |
As in Any sAId bErry |
E3S E3S |
As in EArly wORd hER |
E_S ILS |
As in AId mAde grEY |
_F. |
As in First telePHone rouGH |
_G. |
As in Grab aGo biG |
_H. |
As in Home Hat beHind |
ILS |
As in Ink hYmn beIng |
I_S I_S |
As in EEl pEEp heavY |
_JJ |
As in Jay adJust chanGE |
_K. |
As in Cat baCKer maKe |
_L. |
As in Light vaLLey feeL |
_M. |
As in Mat haMMer hoMe |
_N. |
As in Night aNt baN |
_NG |
As in siNG beiNG loNG |
AQS |
As in hOt wAs Of |
AXS ULS |
As in gO knOW cOal |
OAS ILS |
As in OIl avOId toy |
_P. |
As in Park suPPle gaP |
_R. |
As in Right fRom thRee |
_S. |
As in Sit miSt maSS |
_SH |
As in SHarp naTIonal fiSH |
_T. |
As in To aTTend paT |
_TH |
As in Thing auThor paTH |
ULS |
As in gOOd shOUld pUt |
U_S U_S |
As in OOze bOOt whO |
_V. |
As in Very oVer saVe |
_W. |
As in White Was tWenty |
X |
Silence, such as a pause |
_Y. |
As in Yet Use bEAUty |
_Z. |
As in Zip siZe waS |
_ZH |
As in treaSure uSually viSion |
操练英国英语的网站
BBC教你英音www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/multimedia/pron/
牛津教你英音www.oup.com/elt/global/products/englishfile/elementary/c_pronunciation/
牛津教你英音www.oupchina.com.hk/dict/phonetic/home.html
