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小编: 70 take
这个不规则动词的过去式和过去分词分别是:took, taken。
Take的第一个语义是:to move something from one place to another place. 这个语义其实我们很熟悉了,无非就是“拿(走),带(走)”之意。但是值得注意的是,拥有类似语义的词语还有bring和fetch这两个词,我们还是来区分一下吧:bring指的是“从别处拿(来)或带(来)”,fetch呢是指“去另一地方并将放在那一处的东西拿来”。而我们这里的take则是指“把物品带到另一个地方去”。例如:
We usually take the children to school in the car.
He was taken away by the police.
Her dentist took out o tooth of hers.
What do you get if you take 4 from 9? (9减去4)
这层语义还能上升为:to remove or use without permission or by mistake. 即“错拿(走), 剽窃,擅自使用”之意。例如:
Someone’s taken my pen.
She took away some part of my article. (剽窃)
Take的第二个语义是:to get something into one’s possession. 意味着“占有,获得”之意。这层意思有着广泛的使用。例如:
Enemy forces have taken the airport. (攻占)
Take a seat!
She took second prize.
He took my arm and led me to the road.
Let me take your coat.
Take的第三层语义是:to accept. 即“接受…”。例如:
The shop will take it back if it doesn’t fit.
Do you take credit card? (能刷信用卡吗?)
If you take my advice you’ll sell that at once.
You can take my word for it. (听我的没错。)
I don’t think the bus can take any more passengers.
If you can’t take the heat, get away the kitchen.
Take的第四层语义是:to need for a purpose. 即“需要(用)…”。例如:
The journey takes two hours.
The book takes 5 dollars.
What kind of money does international trade take?
It takes courage to do a thing like that.
Take的第五层语义是:used without strong meaning with certain nouns to show an action or feeling. 这时它会在后面跟上一些名词,稍稍表示一种行为或者感觉。例如:
I’ll take a walk.
She took the course of Chinese.
You have to take risks in doing the job.
He took offence whenever I made suggestion to him.
I take more interest in English than French.
Take的其他意思还有:
“吞下,服下,吸入”。例如:I took a deep breath of the fresh air.
“乘坐(交通工具)”。例如:I took a taxi to work every day.
“测量,检查”。例如:Please let me take your temperature.
“记下,写下”。例如: I’ll take your words down when you speak.
以下是take构成的常见词组:
Take action:
Take advantage of:
Take after: 在长相和性格上像…
Take care of: 照顾
Take effect: 生效
Take charge of: 负责,掌管
Take into account/ take account of: 把…考虑在内
Take into consideration: 考虑到…
Take it easy/ take things easy: 不要紧张,慢慢来
Take it for granted: 把…当成是理所当然的
Take measures/ take steps: 采取措施/步骤
Take off: 起飞,脱衣服,模仿(某人)
Take one’s time (doing …): 从容不迫地做…
Take over: 接管
Take part in: 参加
Take place: 代替
Take out sth on sb : 把气撒在某人身上
Take turns: 轮流
Take up: 占用(空间),开始做…
Take a break: 休息,放松
Take a close look at sth: 仔细看…
Take one’s words for sth: 信任某人的话
Take sb’s order: 接受某人点菜
Take up a collection for: 为…募款
Take to: 染上(…习惯)
turn
老规矩,我们还是先来认识一下这个规则动词的过去式和过去分词,它们分别是:turned, turned。
Turn的第一个语义是:to (cause to) move round a central or fixed point. 这个意思很容易去理解的,打一个很明显的例子就是地球绕着太阳转啦,还有月亮绕着地球转呀,这些都能用这个词,表示“(绕着特定一点)旋转,转动”。例如:
The big wheel turned slowly.
She turned the key in the lock.
Turn的第二个语义是:to (cause to) move so that a different side faces upwards or
outwards. 这个好像和上面很有相似点,都表示在转,但是方向不太一样,上面是绕着特定一点转,这个是朝上的转成朝下,朝里的转成朝外,表示的是“翻身,翻过来”。例如:
She turned over in the bed.
Fry the steak for five minutes then turn it and fry the other side.
She turned down the corner of the page to keep her place.
Turn的第三层语义是:to (cause to) change position or direction so as to face or move in a particular direction. 这还是在转呀,但是方向感没有上面两个那么格式化,只是泛泛的表示“转向…”。这个意思还是很有价值的,因为平时在交通上还是很常用到的,我们毕竟不是永远直行的啊。例如:
Turn right at the end of the street.
She turned away and began to cry.
She turned to me and smiled.
The tide is turning.
We should turn our attention to the problem.
Turn的第四层语义是:to change so as to become (esp. something bad). 这个用法呢让我们想到了以前讲过的go的用法,go也能表示变化,而且也尤其表示“变坏”。我们这里新讲的turn即“转变成…”,尤指变成不好的事物。这个用法也很不错嘛,我们中国人说“三十年河东,三十年河西”,就是说一种转变。例如:
She turned suddenly pale when she heard the bad news.
His hair turns grey.
The actor turned politician.
Turn的第五层语义是:to reach or pass (a certain age, time, amount …). 这个用法很简单啦。例如:
She turned 30 today.
It just has turned 3 pm.
以下是turn构成的常见词组:
Turn around: 转身
Turn down: 关小(声音),拒绝
Turn in/ hand in: 上交
Turn into: 把…变成
Turn off: 关掉
Turn on: 打开
Turn over: 移交(权利等),再三考虑
Turn to: 转向;求助于
Turn up: 调大(声音);被找到,重新出现;到达,来临
Turn out: 关掉(电器等);驱逐,赶走;结果是…;生产,制造