Lesson 1

Private
adj. for use by one person or group, not for everyone私人的，私有的；无官职的，清净的 n. 列兵，大兵

实际应用

私人信件 private letter
私有公司 private company
私有财产 private property
平民 a private citizen
安静的角落 a private corner
私立学校 a private college

词组拓展

in private 私下的
comply in public but oppose in private 阳奉阴违
The new manager wants to talk to me in private.
新的经理项和我私下谈谈。
In interviews he refuses to talk about his private life
在采访中他拒绝谈论他的私生活。

相关表达

privacy n. 隐私
public adj. 公开的，公共的

词义辨析

personal, individual
personal adj. belonging or relating to one particular person, rather than to other people or to people in general个人的，私人的
personal cleanliness 个人卫生
personal abuse 人身攻击
individual adj. considered separately from other people or things in the same group个别的 ，单独的，个人的
individual consciousness自觉
individual desk 单人课桌
individual work 一个人的工作

记忆点拨
priv (私人的)―ate(形容词后缀)

conversation
n. 谈话

实际应用
谈话室 conversation room
谈话间 conversation pit

词组拓展
get into conversation with…和…..攀谈(起来)
enter into conversation with…和……攀谈（起来）
have a conversation with…和……交谈（会谈）
hold a conversation with…和……交谈（会谈）
in conversation with…（在）和……谈话
make conversation.找话谈，进行无意义的 空谈，闲扯
I had a long conversation with my cousin last night
我昨晚和我表姐聊了很长时间
I hate making conversation with strange people
我讨厌和陌生人找话题聊天。

词义辨析
conversation, chat dialogue, discussion, talk 都含“交谈”的意思
conversation an informal talk in which people exchange news, feelings, and thoughts指“无拘束或非正式的谈话。”
We had a long telephone conversation.
我们通过电话作了长时间的交谈。
chat(especially British English) an informal friendly conversation 指“闲谈”、“聊天“。
We need less chat and more work if we’re to finish this job today.
如果我们打算今天完成这件工作的话 ，那就要少聊天、多工作。
dialogue(formal)a discussion between two groups, countries etc; a conversation in a book ,play or film指“双方对话或戏剧的对白”。
The dialogue remained light and friendly
谈话一直保持轻松愉快和友好的气氛。
discussion when you discuss something 指“讨论”、“商议”。
I had a long discussion with my friends about the matter.
这件事我跟朋友们商讨了很久。
talk a conversation指“非正式的谈话”，用于较随便的场合。
I met Mrs. Janes at the shop and had a long talk with her.
我在商店遇见了琼斯夫人，同她谈了很长时间。

记忆点拨
分割：con-ver-sa-tion
词根记忆：convers (聊天)―ation(名词后缀)
theatre
n. a building or place with a stage where plays and show are performed剧场，戏院；喜剧；戏剧文学；手术室

实际应用
上海大剧院Shanghai Grand Theatre
莎士比亚和马罗的戏剧 the theatre of Shakespeare and Marlowe
手术示范室an operating theatre(相当于美语的operating room)

词组拓展
go to the theatre去剧院看戏
Yesterday I went to the theatre and saw an excellent play
昨天我去剧院，看了一部很精彩的戏剧。
The Globe Theatre was the place where Shakespeare became famous.
环球剧院就是莎士比亚成名的地方。
She’s been working in the theatre over thirty years.
他在戏剧界从业30年了。

词义辨析

cinema(especially British English)a building in which films are shown=(movie theater American English)表示“电影院”；theatre表示“剧院”，在美语中用movie theater表示“电影院”。

记忆点拨
分割：the-at-re
seat
n. a place where you can sit, especially one in a vehicle or one from which you watch a performance, sports event etc座位v.使坐下，安排座位
The student hurried in and took his seat.
那个同学匆忙地走进来 并坐了下来。
Don’t put your baby on the backseat, it is very dangerous.
不要把婴儿放在后座，那是非常危险地。

实际应用
后座 back seat
订座 book seats
坐下 take a seat
在委员会中有一席位 have a seat on the commission

词组拓展
take/have a seat 请坐
be seated 请坐
相关表达
pew n. along wooden seat in a church 长凳，座位
chair n. apiece of furniture for one person to sit on, which has a back, a seat, and four legs椅子，单人背靠（扶手）椅
词义辨析
sit ,seat, seat oneself
sit 表示坐下的动作
seat 作名词时表示座位，当作动词使用时表示坐下。
The usher seated me in the back row.
引座员给我提供了后排的一个座位。
seat oneself 表示坐下，用法较正式。
She seated herself at her desk.
她坐到课桌前。
Please be seated.
请坐。
play
n. a story that is written to be performed by actors, especially in a theatr 戏，剧v. when children play, they do things that they enjoy, often with other people or with toys玩；打（球）；演奏

Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s best-known plays.
《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚著名的剧作之一。
He earns a living by writing plays.
他靠写剧本为生。

相关表达
drama (在剧院、电视、收音机上表演的)剧，或剧的泛称；opera表示歌剧。
词义辨析
play, sport, game都含“心灵或身体的休闲活动”，即“运动、游戏”的意思。
play 指“体力上或精神上的活动，唯一的目的是消遣或娱乐“。
Play is as necessary as work.
游戏同工作一样必要 。
sport指“各种形式的体育活动”，特指“室外体育活动”。
Fishing is my favourite sport.
垂钓时我喜爱的运动。
game 指“按一定规则决定胜负的比赛，可以是体力的或脑力的”。
Football is a popular game.
足球是一种人们喜爱的运动。

loudly
adv.  making a lot of noise大声地，吵闹地
It is very impolite talking loudly in public place.
在公共场所大声讲话非常不礼貌。
They are bargaining very loudly.
他们在大声讨价还价。
相关表达
loud adj. 大声的，吵闹的
The music is too loud for me to hear anything
音乐声音太大了，我什么都听不见。
词义辨析
aloud adv. if you read, laugh, say something etc aloud, so that people can hear you出声地，表示出声，loudly 表示声音大， 声音吵闹。
You can memorize the poem easily if you read it aloud.
如果你大声朗读那首诗，你就会很容易记住。
记忆点拨
loud(大声的)-ly(副词后缀)
angry
The manager is very angry at his being late.
经理对他的迟到非常生气。
词组拓展
be/get angry at sth.因某事而生气
be/get angry about sth.因某事而生气
be/get angry with sb.生某人的气
be/get angry at sb. for 因……生某人的气
make sb. angry 使某人生气
相关表达
anger n. 愤怒
calm adj. 平静的
quiet adj. 宁静的，从容的
He found it hard to conceal his anger.
他发现很难隐藏它的愤怒。
When angry, count a hundred.
[谚]每当动怒时,先要冷静一下.
angrily
adv.生气地
The actress angrily responded to the rumour.
那个演员生气地对谣言作出了回应。
相关表达
calmly adv. 平静地，安静地，冷静地
furiously adv. very angrily 狂怒地
irritably adv. getting annoyed quickly or easily性急地，暴躁地
heatedly adv. full of angry and excited feelings 激动地，气愤地
记忆点拨
angri(生气的)-ly(副词后缀)
attention
n. when you carefully listen to, look at, or think about someone or something 注意
I knocked on the window to attract her attention
我敲了敲窗户来引起她的注意。
The baby has turned attention to the cat.
孩子已经把精力转移到了猫的身上。
实际应用
聚精会神的观众attentive audience
词组拓展
pay attention to关注
attract attention引起注意
draw attention 引起注意
be all attention 十分注意，全神贯注
bring sth. To sb.’s attention to sth.使某人注意某事
call/draw/invite sb.’s attention to sth.促使某人注意某事
call to attention [军]喊立正
catch/arrest sb.’s attention 引起某人的注意
相关表达
attentive adj.聚精会神的
care n. &v.注意，照料
concern vt.涉及，关系到；n.关系，关心
记忆点播
分割：at-ten-tion

bear
v. to accept, tolerate or endure especially something unpleasant容忍；生孩子；n.熊
I can not bear seeing people spitting in street.
我容忍不了看到有人在街上吐痰。
He can’t bear people smoking in his house.
他受不了人们在他的房子力吸烟。
We have to bear with his bad temper because he is a bit frustrated these days.
我们不得不容忍他的坏脾气，因为这些日子他偶点灰心丧气。
词组扩展
bear in mind 牢记在心
bear out 证实
bear up 鼓起勇气；支持；高兴
bear with容忍；忍耐
as cross as abear 脾气很坏[暴躁]
bear up 顶住压力、困难或挫折
The patient bore up well during the long illness.
这名患者与长期的病痛顽强抗争。
bear down全力以赴
If you really bear down, you will finish the task..
如果你真的全力以赴，你就能完成这项工作。
词义辨析
bear, stand, endure, tolerate
bear 指最广泛的忍受的能力
stand v.  to successfully accept or bear something which is unpleasant or difficult指精神上坚毅，有决心
The mother cannot stand hearing her baby’s cry
那个妈妈忍受不了孩子的哭声。
endure v. to suffer something difficult, unpleasant or painful忍受，尤指长期面对痛苦、艰难的能力。
I do not want to have another operation. I can not endure the pain.
我不想再做手术了，我受不了那种痛苦。
tolerate vt. to allow people to do, say, or believe something without criticizing or punishing them主要用于指出痛苦之外的一些事情，含有尽管保留但勉强接受之意
I can’t tolerate your bad manners any longer.
我再也不能容忍你无理的行为。
business
n. the activity of making money by producing or buying and selling goods, or providing services事；公事；商业
It’s none of your business how much I weigh.
我多重和你没关系。
Tom is going into business with his father.
汤姆就要和他父亲一起开始做生意了。
Business before pleasure.
正事要紧。
Busniss is business.
公事公办。
实际应用
出差travel on business
商业中心business center
开业enter on/ upon business
词组拓展
none of one’s business不关某人的事
come to business(=get down to business)开始认真工作
go into business入商业界做生意
make it one’s business把某事当作自己的职责
monkey business[美俚]胡闹；捣鬼

词义辨析
business, commerce, trade
business是常用语，含义很广，通常指“生意”、“行业”，表示“为图利（常指为个人谋利）而做的工作”，如：do business with many countries与许多国家做生意
commerce  n. the buying and selling of goods and services 多指“商品交易”，特指“国与国之间的商业往来”，如：international commerce 国际贸易。
trade n. the activity of buying, selling, or exchanging goods within a country of between countries the activity of buying, selling, or exchanging goods within a country or between countries指“买卖或货物交换”，常用语“国内外之间的交易”，也值“行业”，特别是“手工业”
War affects trade.
战争影响贸易。
记忆点拨
分割：bus-i-ness
rudely adv. Speaking or behaving in a way that is not polite and is likely to offend or annoy people无礼地，粗鲁地
He answered me very rudely.
他非常粗鲁地回答我的话。
实际应用
粗俗的笑话rude jokes
相关表达
rude adj.无礼的；粗俗的
rudeness n.无理，粗鲁
politely adv. 客气地，斯文地
impolitely adv. 没礼貌地
记忆点拨
tude(粗鲁)―ly（形容词后缀)