雅思大作文话题素材及核心词汇（下篇）
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3. 环境题材 Environment
引言
环境污染与保护。
牺牲环境为代价的发展会严重危及人类的生存，因此，应该在发展与保护环境中寻求一种平衡。高科技发展导致环境污染，保护环境是要人们过简单生活还是依赖科技？个人在环保中是否可以发挥作用？有人认为公司和个人，而不是政府应该为他们所造成的污染负责，是否同意？环境问题个人是无法解决的，只有企业和国家才能解决，是否同意？
环境题目真题再现
A 类题目
20050806 Many people say that we have developed into a “throw-away society”, because we are
filling up our environment with so many plastic bags and rubbish that we cannot fully dispose of.
To want extent do you agree with this opinion and what measures can you recommend to reduce
this problem?
关键词解读：环境污染中的垃圾问题
20090212 Development in technology leads to environmental problems, and some people think
that the solution to these problems is for everyone to lead a simpler way of life, while others say
that technology can solve these problems. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
关键词解读：科技解决环境问题
20090221 Some think that environmental problems are too big for individuals to solve, while
others think the problems cannot be solved unless individuals take some action. Discuss both
views and give your opinion.
关键词解读：个人解决环境问题
20090711 Some people think that companies and individuals, rather than governments, should pay
to clean up the pollution that they have caused. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this
statement
关键词解读：谁来出污染处理费用
20091031 The environmental problem in the world can not be solved by ordinary people, and
governments and large companies should be responsible for this problem. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?
关键词解读：环境问题个人还是政府解决
G 类题目
Some people claim that it is the responsibility for some individuals to protect the environment,
while others consider that the government should take the main responsibility. Discuss both views
and give your opinion.
关键词解读： 与 A 类题目重合
◎ 污染
环境污染(pollution/ contamination)日益严重(worsening)，对生态系统的平衡(ecological
balance)带来了威胁(pose a threat to)，如汽车带来的尾气排放(emission of cars)造成的空气
污染、 温室气体(greenhouse gas)带来的全球变暖(climate change)。
◎ 原因
人口爆炸
overpopulation——scarcity of water ——inadequate behavior
过度工业化
over-industrialization——use up the resources——ignore sustainable development
过度开发
overexploitation——consume the natural resources and threaten the equilibrium of ecosystem
◎ 解决
意识提升：enhance the awareness of environmental protection of the general public
再度利用：reuse, recycle, renewable, reproduce
加强保护：strengthen the preservation
全面合作：government, society and every family make joint efforts
involve the international cooperation as well as individuals’ effort
开发能源：explore alternative energy to replace the fossil fuels
explore environmentally-friendly fuel
采取措施：take harsher measures
出台法律：enact the relevant laws
work out the regulations
教育普及：popularize the knowledge of environmental protection
cultivate the good habit in life
媒体倡导：arouse the attention of the public of the importance of environment
词汇部分
environment n. 自然环境，生态环境
【 同 源 词 汇 】 environmental adj. 环 境 的 ； environmentally adv. 有 关 环 境 方 面 ；
environmentalism n. 环境保护论
【经典搭配】ruin the environment 破坏环境
strengthen environmental protection 加强环境保护
protect the environment from the pollution 保护环境不受污染
【即学即用】Economic development is clearly essential for communities’ livelihoods and the
well-being of nations, but is often a source of harmful environmental pollution.
很显然，经济发展有利于国富民强，但同时也是环境污染的源头。
environmentalist n. 环境论者，环保人士
【即学即用】He is an environmentalist with a passion of the biology and geography of the region.
他是一个环保人士，对这个地区的生物和地理很有热情。
思路拓展
环保 4R 的理念
Reduction 减量
Reuse 重复使用
Recycling 回收性
Regeneration 再生
pollution n. 污染
【同源词汇】pollute vt. 污染；polluted adj. 受污染的；pollutant n. 污染物
【同义表达】contamination n. 污染，污染物
【即学即用】People would pay high price for the environmental pollution caused by man-made
waste.
人们会为产生的垃圾带来的环境污染付出高昂的代价。
词汇拓展
organic pollutants 有机污染物
white pollution 白色污染
water and soil erosion 水土流失
endangered wildlife 濒危野生动物
greenhouse effect 温室效应
rubbish/ garbage/ trash/ waste/ litter 垃圾
chemical pollutant 化学污染物
air and noise contamination / pollution 空气和噪音污染
over-industrialization 过度工业化
deforestation 森林砍伐
the deterioration of air quality 日益恶化的空气质量
contaminate vt. 污染
【同源词汇】contamination n. 污染，污染物；contaminant n. 污染物，致污物
【同义表达】pollute vt. 污染
【即学即用】Environmental pollutants from many different sources contaminate water, air, and
land, putting humans and ecosystems at risk.
不同来源的污染物质会污染水、空气及土壤，使人类和生态系统面临威胁。
思路拓展
Humans are paying the price（付出代价）of these pollutants on
many levels: from direct harm to health through cancer, neurological
impairment（神经损害）, and other ailments（疾病）, to contamination
of the food chain （污染食物链）and the failing capacity of ecosystems
（生态系统的容纳能力减弱）to absorb wastes and provide the
essentials for life. These complex and urgent problems require
innovative, flexible, and action-oriented（以行动为导向）approaches to
finding solutions.
alleviate vt. 减轻，缓和
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