Ⅰ．全部倒装

句子的整个谓语都置于主语之前，引起全部倒装。英语的全部倒装有以下几种情况：

(1)There／Now／Then／Here+谓语+主语：

There comes the bus．

Now comes your luck．

There goes the bell．

[注]①如果主语是人称代词时，不引起主谓倒装。

Here(There)we are．Here you are．

②谓语动词一般是移动性动词或表示状态的动词。如：come／go／run／lie(位于)／stand(位于)／rush／be等。

(2)副词up／down／upon／out／back／over／away／off／ahead位于句首时，要用全部倒装：

Off went the teachers．

Ahead sat an old woman．

Out rushed the boys．

(3)So／Nor／Neither+谓语+主语：

Mary has never been to China，neither(nor)has her husband．

(4)表语+谓语+主语：(参照本节的修辞性倒装部分)

Happy indeed are those who received good news．

What she did Was important，but more important was the way she did things．

(5)介词／分词短语+谓语+主语：

Lying on the floor was a boy aged about five．

Seated on the meadow are a group of children singing and dancing．

One of its attached a small stainless steel plague．

(在它的一条腿上系着一块小小的不锈钢的东西。)

Ⅱ．部分倒装

谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词或"to be")置于主语之前，引起部分倒装。

(1)由否定词(not／never／little／no sooner／not until／hardly／rarely／scarcely／seldom／nowhere)开头的句子引起部分倒装.

Little did we expect that he would fulfill his task so rapidly．

No sooner do I get one problem settled before another appears．

Never before have we made so great achievement in science and technology．

Not until dark did he got home．

(2) 当含有否定含义的短语(in no way／in vain／at no time and no case／by no means An no sense／under no circumstances／on no account[决不，总不]，etc．)置于句首时，引起部分倒装

In no way can Mike be held responsible. (不管怎么说，麦克都不能负责。)

In no case do I want to argue with you．(我在任何情况下都不想和你争吵。)

In vain did we try to persuade him to give up smoking. (我们都没有办法劝他戒烟。)

On no account should any money be given to a small kid．

By no means are we satisfied with the success we have achieved．

At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons．

(3)当频度状语(often／always／once／many a time／now and again／every other day／every two hours)等及方式状语"thus"等置于句首时，引起部分倒装

Thus was the Emperor deceived．

Many a time has he helped me with my English．

Often had I intended to speak of it．(我曾多次打算谈谈那件事情。)

(4)由并列连接词“not only…but also”；"neither…nor"连接句子时。如果"not only"或"neither"置于句首，句子要部分倒装

Neither will he study nor go to school．

Not only did I forger to close the window, but also I forget to lock the door.

(5) 从属连接词 “no sooner．．than， scarcely..when, hardly..when”等表示“一…就…”概念时，且“no sooner, scarcely，hardly’’置于旬首时，引起部分倒装。此结构中的谓语动词用“过去完成时(从句)+过去时(主句)"

Hardly had he arrived when she heard the telephone ring．

No sooner had we gone home than it began to rain heavily．

(6)Only+状语+部分倒装：

Only in the street did I meet him．

Only then did he realize the importance of learning English．

Only when the war was over in 1948 was he able to get happily back to work．

(7)虚拟条件句中若有“were，should，had，”时。可省略“if，’，引起部分倒装.

Should it rain tomorrow, I shall stay at home．

Were I you,1 wouldn’t buy this book．

Had we not helped him, he would not have succeeded．

Business is risky．But should we succeed，we would be rich．

(8)当“So…that”中的“so”位于句首时，引起部分倒装；如果谓语为“be”，则引起全部倒装。其构成倒装的基本结构为"So+形容词／情态动词／to be十主语"

So fast did he run that I couldn’t keep up with him．

So loudly did he speak that students at the back heard him clearly.

(9)名词/形容词／动词／副词+as／though十主语+(助动词)：

Terrible as the storm is,, we continued our way．

Busy though he is，John is still keeping on studying．

Search as they would, they could find nobody in the house．

Published as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention．

Student of English as he is, he can’t understand the Nerdish film．

(10)修辞性倒装：

①宾语或表语前移，引起部分倒装，表示强调：

His promise you can rely on.

The question we have already discussed at some length．

A very reliable person she is．

Terribly cold it certainly was．

Two years ago that was．

②表语前移，引起全部倒装，表示强调：

为了使句子结构达到平衡协调，将表语提前，使带有较长修饰语的主语置后，以避免头重脚轻。

Gone were the restrictions that prevented blacks voting．

Such was Albert Einstein．a simple man of great achievements．

More serious was the question of how the president would present the joint announcement．

③宾语后置，改变语序，避免头重脚轻：

You should leave to us what you haven’t finished.

Please translate into English the following sentences．

The site of the battle brought back to him memories of the Anti-Japanese War．

I tore into little pieces a small notebook with questions that I’d prepared in advance for interviews.

④名词修饰语后移：

有时将较长的名词修饰语与名词隔开并置于句末，避免头重脚轻。

There is a labeler the handle with my name and address on it.

Word came that a typhoon had hit several cities along the coast．

A new book will come out on how to memorize words in a scientific way.